Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Formic Acid with 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran: Experiments, Process Modeling, and Economics.

Formic acid (FA) is an interesting hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) using renewable energy. The separation of FA from water is challenging due to the strong (cross)association of the components and the presence of a high boiling azeotrope. For the separation of dilute FA solutions, liquid-liquid extraction is preferred over conventional distillation because distilling large amounts of water is very energy-intensive.

Screening everyday health information literacy among four populations.

Background: People face varying obstacles when interacting with health information in their everyday lives.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the applicability of a multidimensional Everyday Health Information Literacy (EHIL) screening tool in detecting people with challenges in accessing, understanding, evaluating and using health information in everyday situations.

Methods: Previously collected EHIL screening tool data from Finnish upper secondary school students (n = 217), Finnish young men (n = 1450), Finnish adults with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (n = 559) and Namibian university students (n = 271) were reanalysed to examine the factorial structure of the tool and to compare the groups.

Photoplethysmography signal analysis to assess obesity, age group and hypertension.

Photoplethysmography (PPG) provides a simple, convenient and noninvasive method to assess pulse oximetry. Several attempts have been made to use PPG also to estimate blood pressure and arterial stiffness. This paper attempts to assess obesity classes, age group, and hypertension classes using PPG measured from the finger.

Lower Limb Pulse Rise Time as a Marker of Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Objective: The aim of the study was to show if pulse rise times (PRTs) extracted from photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulse waves (PWs) have an association with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or its endovascular treatment, percutanoeus transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the superficial femoral artery.

Methods: Lower and upper limb PPG PWs were recorded and analyzed from 24 patients who suffered from PAD. The measurements were conducted before and after the treatment, and one month later by using transmission-mode PPG-probes placed in the index finger and second toe.

Health Literacy in Web-Based Health Information Environments: Systematic Review of Concepts, Definitions, and Operationalization for Measurement.

Background: Health literacy research seems to lack a consensus on what aspects to include into literacy in the context of health and on how to operationalize these concepts for measurement purposes. In addition to health literacy, several other concepts, such as electronic health (eHealth) literacy and mental health literacy, have been developed across disciplines. This study examines how these different concepts are used when studying health-related competencies in Web contexts.