Identification of viral protease-dependent cleavage sites within the human astrovirus polyprotein.

Infection by human astrovirus (HAstV), a small, positive-strand RNA virus, is a major cause of gastroenteritis and has been implicated in an increasing number of severe, sometimes fatal, neurological diseases since 2008. Currently, there are no vaccines or antiviral treatments available to treat HAstV infection. An attractive target for antiviral therapeutics is the viral protease due to its essential functions throughout infection.

Nutritional Characteristics of Menus in State Prisons.

Nutrition-related health disparities plague prisons in the United States. Unregulated and inadequate prison menus may contribute to noncommunicable chronic health conditions in this vulnerable population. The purpose of this research was to assess nutrition offerings provided by prison menus.

Reduced connexin-43 expression, slow conduction and repolarisation dispersion in a model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited heart muscle disease that is characterised by left ventricular wall thickening, cardiomyocyte disarray and fibrosis, and is associated with arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death. However, it is unclear to what extent the electrophysiological disturbances that lead to sudden death occur secondary to structural changes in the myocardium or as a result of HCM cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. In this study, we used an induced pluripotent stem cell model of the R403Q variant in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) to study the electrophysiology of HCM cardiomyocytes in electrically coupled syncytia, revealing significant conduction slowing and increased spatial dispersion of repolarisation - both well-established substrates for arrhythmia.

Diagnosis of Sports-Related Concussion Using Symptom Report or Standardized Assessment of Concussion.

Importance: The Sports Concussion Assessment Tool-5 (SCAT5) has been recommended for concussion evaluation and utilizes both a subjective reported symptom grading scale and objective measures of concussion including a cognitive evaluation: the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC). The SAC includes testing for orientation, immediate memory, concentration, and delayed recall; a 10-word list is used to assess immediate memory and delayed recall.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of components of the SCAT5 and to provide a framework for clinical interpretation.

The carbon footprint of as-needed budesonide/formoterol in mild asthma: a analysis.

Introduction: The use of pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and asthma exacerbations necessitating healthcare reviews contribute substantially to the global carbon footprint of healthcare. It is possible that a reduction in carbon footprint could be achieved by switching patients with mild asthma from salbutamol pMDI reliever-based therapy to inhaled corticosteroid-formoterol dry powder inhaler (DPI) reliever therapy, as recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma.

Methods: This analysis included all 668 adult participants in the Novel START trial, who were randomised 1:1:1 to treatment with as-needed budesonide/formoterol DPI, as-needed salbutamol pMDI or maintenance budesonide DPI plus as-needed salbutamol pMDI.