Glucose and Oxygen Levels Modulate the Pore-Forming Effects of Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysin Pneumolysin from .

A major pathogenic factor is the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin, binding membrane cholesterol and producing permanent lytic or transient pores. During brain infections, vascular damage with variable ischemia occurs. The role of ischemia on pneumolysin's pore-forming capacity remains unknown.

The EVAPIL scale, a new tool to assess tolerance of oral contraceptives.

Background: The EVAPIL scale is a self-questionnaire aimed to assess tolerability of oral contraceptives (OC).

Methods: For initial development: a list of questions addressing the more frequent or more unpleasant minor side effects of OC was developed by a group of gynecologists and submitted to several sets of OC users. A final version with 14 questions was issued with scoring rules.

[Surgical training of trainees, specialists in obstetrics and gynecology: results from a national electronic survey].

Objectives: The goal of this dissertation is to assess the current situation of surgical training provided to French trainees in obstetrics and gynecology.

Materials And Methods: An online survey was made available to all French gynecologists. Within six months, 657 answer forms had been submitted and respondents were sorted out into five subgroups: residents (group 1 [G1]), fellows (group 2 [G2]), public sector surgeons (group 3 [G3]), private sector surgeons (group 4 [G4]) and all surgeons and fellows (group A [GA]).

[Surgery training of gynecologic residents: master and student in the operating room].

Objectives: Describe the surgical training of gynecologic residents in the operating room, by collecting the opinion of French gynecologists.

Materials And Methods: A questionnaire investigating this subject was put on a web site. Every French gynecologist could answer the questionnaire from a duration of six months.