To intubate or not? Balancing anesthesia in rodent fMRI: strategies to mitigate confounding effects.

More than a decade ago, the introduction of intubation and mechanical ventilation for performing blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI studies in the rodent brain allowed an improved control over the physiological conditions during scanning sessions. An accurate understanding of respiratory parameters permits to respect the 3Rs in animal research, improves significantly the fMRI outcome, and promises improved translational studies. Developments also prompted a better comprehension on anesthetics and their impact on rodent brain physiology and function, bringing new insights on the buildup of carbon dioxide, interhemispheric connectivity, or arousal, which understanding are paramount for maturing better fMRI protocols in awake rodents.

Prospective assessment of canine thyroid cancer-part I: nodal metastatic rate and impact of nodal immunohistochemistry in 70 dogs.

Objective: To determine the rate of nodal metastasis in dogs with thyroid cancer and evaluate whether immunohistochemistry (IHC) identifies additional metastases beyond evaluation with H&E.

Animals: 70 prospectively enrolled client-owned dogs with thyroid cancer managed with thyroidectomy.

Methods: Dogs underwent thyroidectomy with concurrent elective bilateral medial retropharyngeal (MRP) ± deep cervical lymphadenectomy.

Reproducible stability of verbal and spatial functions along the menstrual cycle.

Recent studies have reported brain changes in response to ovarian hormonal fluctuations along the menstrual cycle. However, it remains unclear, whether these brain changes are of an adaptive nature or whether they are linked to changes in behavior along the menstrual cycle, particularly with respect to cognitive performance. To address this knowledge gap, we report results from 3 well-powered behavioral studies with different task designs, leveraging the advantages of each design type.

Outcomes of Strabismus Surgery Following Teprotumumab Therapy.

Purpose: To investigate the results of patients undergoing surgical treatment for strabismic diplopia in thyroid eye disease (TED) following teprotumumab.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, case series.

Methods: We report 28 patients who underwent extraocular muscle surgery for strabismic diplopia after treatment with teprotumumab at 7 different academic centers.

A systematic review of the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging based resting-state and structural networks in the rodent brain.

Recent developments in rodent brain imaging have enabled translational characterization of functional and structural connectivity at the whole brain level . Nevertheless, fundamental questions about the link between structural and functional networks remain unsolved. In this review, we systematically searched for experimental studies in rodents investigating both structural and functional network measures, including studies correlating functional connectivity using resting-state functional MRI with diffusion tensor imaging or viral tracing data.