Truncated derivatives of amphidinol 3 reveal the functional role of polyol chain in sterol-recognition and pore formation.

Here we examined the membrane binding and pore formation of amphidinol 3 (AM3) and its truncated synthetic derivatives. Importantly, both of the membrane affinity and pore formation activity were well correlated with the reported antifungal activity. Our data clearly demonstrated that the C1-C30 moiety of AM3 plays essential roles both in sterol recognition and stable pore formation.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Moderate- and High-Intensity Exercise Training in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Effects on Fitness and Cardiovascular Response to Exercise.

Background Moderate intensity exercise training (MIT) is safe and effective for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, yet the efficacy of high intensity training (HIT) remains unknown. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of HIT compared with MIT in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were randomized to either 5 months of MIT, or 1 month of MIT followed by 4 months of progressive HIT.

Effects of Synchronizing Foot Strike and Cardiac Phase on Exercise Hemodynamics in Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Within-Subjects Pilot Study to Fine-Tune Cardio-Locomotor Coupling for Heart Failure.

Background: Despite advances in medical and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), individuals with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) have persistent symptoms, including exercise intolerance. Optimizing cardio-locomotor coupling may increase stroke volume and skeletal muscle perfusion as previously shown in healthy runners. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that exercise stroke volume and cardiac output would be higher during fixed-paced walking when steps were synchronized with the diastolic compared with systolic portion of the cardiac cycle in patients with CHF and CRT.