[Associating prognostic factors with clinical results in locally advanced breast cancer].

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in women.

Objective: To identify clinico-pathological and molecular markers as predictors of survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC).

Methods: Retrospective and observational study.

Maternal serum adipokines and inflammatory markers at late gestation and newborn weight in mothers with and without gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: Maternal obesity increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and is positively correlated with neonatal obesity increasing the risk of adiposity in both young and adult offspring. Maternal secreted factors from adipose tissue such as adipokines and inflammatory cytokines may regulate fetal growth. This study investigated associations between maternal adipokines and inflammatory markers at late gestation, and neonatal anthropometric characteristics in mothers with and without GDM.

Immune tolerance at the maternal-placental interface in healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia.

Aim: The objective of this review is to describe the immunological mechanisms which facilitate maternal tolerance at the maternal-placental interface, and to discuss how these mechanisms are disrupted in pre-eclampsia.

Methods: A literature review was performed based on the analysis of papers available on PubMed. The most important and relevant studies regarding the immunological mechanisms which facilitate maternal tolerance in healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia are presented in this article.

[Coronavirus disease 2019 and pregnancy].

Historically, viral respiratory infections in pregnant women have shown an increase in the risk of morbidity and mortality. With regards to COVID-19, information is limited and a greater risk of severe morbidity or mortality has not been shown, when compared to general population; however, pregnant women with comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension have shown a greater severity of the disease, consistent with the general population with these comorbidities. The risk of vertical transmission appears to be low: it has not been demonstrated in any case during the current outbreak of COVID-19 in China, nor in previous epidemics of similar coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV).

La esteroidogénesis en el síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disease in reproductive age, characterized by menstrual alterations, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and ultrasound-identified ovarian cysts. The neuroendocrine and metabolic alterations that accompany this condition involve the desensitization of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis, steroidogenesis and hyperandrogenism; recently, the role of insulin resistance has been explored. Hyperandrogenism has been established to be the main cause of polycystic ovary syndrome, due to enzymatic alterations in the steroidogenic pathway that cause luteinizing hormone over-stimulation because of quick pulses generated by gonadotropin-releasing hormones.