A novel enzymatic method for isolation of plastic particles from human blood.

Microplastic particles have been detected in the human body. This study aimed to develop a blood digestion method that preserves microplastics during analysis. Acidic and alkaline reagents, commonly used for isolating plastic particles from organic materials, were tested on human blood samples and microplastics.

Testing of Different Digestion Solutions on Tissue Samples and the Effects of Used Potassium Hydroxide Solution on Polystyrene Microspheres.

Microplastic particles are ubiquitous in our environment, having entered the air, the water, the soil, and ultimately our food chain. Owing to their small size, these particles can potentially enter the bloodstream and accumulate in the organs. To detect microplastics using existing methods, they must first be isolated.

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) indirectly induces transcription of human renal organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1).

Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) is a polyspecific transport protein located in the basolateral membrane of renal proximal tubule cells. OAT1 plays a pivotal role in drug clearance. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are observed more frequently in women than in men, especially ADR are higher in women for drugs which are known interactors of OAT1.

Differential Interaction of Dantrolene, Glafenine, Nalidixic Acid, and Prazosin with Human Organic Anion Transporters 1 and 3.

In renal proximal tubule cells, the organic anion transporters 1 and 3 (OAT1 and OAT3) in the basolateral membrane and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) in the apical membrane share substrates and co-operate in renal drug secretion. We hypothesized that recently identified MRP4 inhibitors dantrolene, glafenine, nalidixic acid, and prazosin also interact with human OAT1 and/or OAT3 stably transfected in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. These four drugs were tested as possible inhibitors of -[H]aminohippurate (PAH) and [C]glutarate uptake by OAT1, and of [H]estrone-3-sulfate (ES) uptake by OAT3.