Getting attached to membranes - How plant signalling networks employ PtdIns(4,5)P2.

In eukaryotes, a small subset of membrane lipids, the phosphoinositides (PIs), exert regulatory effects on membrane-associated processes with profound impact on the organism, and PIs are relevant also for the physiology and development of plants. The PI, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) has emerged as an important regulatory player in plants, and in recent years this lipid has received substantial attention. This Update Review focuses on our current understanding of how PtdIns(4,5)P2 exerts its regulatory functions, how biosynthesis and degradation of this important regulatory lipid is controlled, and how PtdIns(4,5)P2 is linked to upstream and downstream elements within plant signalling networks.

Explicitly encoding the cyclic nature of breathing signal allows for accurate breathing motion prediction in radiotherapy with minimal training data.

Background And Purpose: Active breathing motion management in radiotherapy consists of motion monitoring, quantification and mitigation. It is impacted by associated latencies of a few 100 ms. Artificial neural networks can successfully predict breathing motion and eliminate latencies.

Durvalumab impacts progression-free survival while high-dose radiation >66 Gy improves local control without excess toxicity in unresectable NSCLC stage III: Real-world data from the Austrian radio-oncological lung cancer study association registry (ALLSTAR).

Background: Chemo-radioimmunotherapy with total radiation doses of 60-66 Gy in 2 Gy fractions is the standard of care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) UICC stage III. The Austrian radio-oncological lung cancer study association registry (ALLSTAR) is a prospective multicentre registry intended to document clinical practice at the beginning of the Durvalumab era.

Patients And Methods: Patients were eligible if they had pathologically verified unresectable NSCLC stage III with a curative treatment option.

Clinical Implementation and Evaluation of Auto-Segmentation Tools for Multi-Site Contouring in Radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Tools for auto-segmentation in radiotherapy are widely available, but guidelines for clinical implementation are missing. The goal was to develop a workflow for performance evaluation of three commercial auto-segmentation tools to select one candidate for clinical implementation.

Materials And Methods: One hundred patients with six treatment sites (brain, head-and-neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis) were included.