Prognostic and molecular multi-platform analysis of CALGB 40603 (Alliance) and public triple-negative breast cancer datasets.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease that remains challenging to target with traditional therapies and to predict risk. We provide a comprehensive characterization of 238 stage II-III TNBC tumors with paired RNA and DNA sequencing data from the CALGB 40603 (Alliance) clinical trial, along with 448 stage II-III TNBC tumors with paired RNA and DNA data from three additional datasets. We identify DNA mutations associated with RNA-based subtypes, specific TP53 missense mutations compatible with potential neoantigen activity, and a consistently highly altered copy number landscape.

A randomized phase II/III study of paclitaxel/carboplatin/metformin versus paclitaxel/carboplatin/placebo as initial therapy for measurable stage III or IVA, stage IVB, or recurrent endometrial cancer: An NRG oncology/GOG study.

Introduction: We evaluated the efficacy of the addition of the anti-diabetic drug metformin to standard-of-care paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC) in patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods: In this phase II/III trial, EC patients with chemotherapy-naïve stage III/IVA (with measurable disease) and stage IVB or recurrent (with or without measurable disease) disease were randomly assigned to PC/metformin (850 mg BID) versus PC/placebo. Metformin or placebo was continued as maintenance therapy after completion of PC until disease progression.

Offspring Educational Disadvantage and Parents' Dementia Onset: Does the Educational Success of One Child Moderate the Educational Disadvantage of Another?

Objectives: A growing body of research examines how adult children's education influences older parents' cognitive health. Whereas prior studies tend to focus on educational advantage, this study seeks to understand how various measures of educational disadvantage are associated with parents' dementia likelihood. In addition, we ask how the risks associated with one child's educational disadvantage are shaped by a sibling's educational success.

One-Step HF-Free Synthesis of Alkali Metal Fluorides from Fluorspar.

Alkali metal fluorides (MF) are commodity chemicals currently synthesized from naturally occurring fluorite (fluorspar, CaF) in two steps: conversion of acid grade fluorspar (AGF) into highly hazardous hydrogen fluoride (HF) followed by neutralization with alkali metal hydroxides/carbonates. Herein, we report a one-step mechanochemical reaction that converts AGF into alkali metal fluorides under basic conditions, bypassing HF. The method consists of reacting AGF with alkali metal (hydr)oxides and titanium dioxide (TiO) under mechanical energy for MF formation and sequestration of calcium (hydr)oxide byproducts as calcium titanate (CaTiO).