Cystine reduces mitochondrial dysfunction in C2C12 myotubes under moderate oxidative stress induced by HO.

Moderate oxidative stress induces temporal impairment in mitochondrial ATP production. As glutathione (GSH) content is reduced to eliminate oxidative stress by oxidation-reduction reaction, intracellular GSH content is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function under oxidative stress. GSH precursors such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and cysteine are known to suppress oxidative stress based on the supply of cysteine residues being rate-limiting for GSH synthesis.

Horseradish extract promotes urinary bladder carcinogenesis when administered to F344 rats in drinking water.

Horseradish extract (HRE), consisting mainly of a mixture of allyl isothiocyanate and other isothiocyanates, has been used as a food additive. To evaluate the potential hazards of HRE, a 104-week chronic study, a 2-week analysis of cell proliferation in the urinary bladder and a medium-term promotion bioassay of HRE were conducted with administration at concentrations of up to 0.04% HRE in the drinking water to male F344 rats.

Prostaglandin synthases influence thyroid follicular cell proliferation but not carcinogenesis in rats initiated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine.

To clarify roles of prostaglandin synthases in rat thyroid follicular carcinogenesis, effects of an antithyroid agent, sulfadimethoxine (SDM), and two prostaglandin H synthase (COX) inhibitors, indomethacin and nimesulide, on prostaglandin synthase expression, follicular cell proliferation, and tumor induction in thyroids of rats with or without N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) initiation were examined. In experiment 1, F344 male rats were allowed free access to drinking water containing SDM (0.1%), SDM + indomethacin (0.

Toxic effects of a horseradish extract and allyl isothiocyanate in the urinary bladder after 13-week administration in drinking water to F344 rats.

Subchronic toxicity of a horseradish extract (HRE), consisting mainly of a mixture of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and other isothiocyanates, was investigated with administration at concentrations of 0, 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.

A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of hinokitiol administered in the diet to F344 rats.

Myocarditis has been reported in male F344 rats given a diet containing hinokitiol (HT). A subchronic toxicity study was here performed to re-evaluate toxic effects of HT in both sexes of F344 rats with dietary administration at concentrations of 0%, 0.02%, 0.