Remission of hyperglycemia after withdrawal of oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes.

Aims/introduction: To assess whether intervention with oral antidiabetic drug in Japanese patients with the early stage of type 2 diabetes could provide a significant remission of the disease process.

Materials And Methods: Patients with diabetes duration <5 years were randomized to the lifestyle modification (LFS), pioglitazone (PIO) or sulfonylurea (SU) treatment group. In phase 1 as the on-treatment period and in phase 2 as the off-treatment period, the duration that glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was maintained at less than the target was compared among groups.

Seven-year Observational Study on the Association between Glycemic Control and the New Onset of Macroangiopathy in Japanese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective To examine the association between glycemic control and the new onset of macroangiopathy in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods We examined seven-year follow-up data for 572 patients. We divided the subjects by the average of seven-year glycemic control based on the guidelines.

Azelnidipine, but not amlodipine, reduces urinary albumin excretion and carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes: blood pressure control with olmesartan and azelnidipine in Type 2 diabetes (BOAT2 study).

To evaluate the efficacy of azelnidipine and amlodipine on diabetic nephropathy and atherosclerosis, we designed a prospective and randomized controlled clinical study in type 2 diabetic patients with stable glycemic control with fixed dose of anti-diabetic medication. Although there was no difference in blood pressure between both groups, urinary albumin excretion and maximum carotid intima-media thickness were reduced in azelnidipine group, but not in amlodipine group. In addition, inflammatory cytokine levels were decreased only in azelnidipine group which possibly explains such beneficial effects of azelnidipine on urinary albumin excretion and carotid atherosclerosis.

Combination of DPP-4 inhibitor and PPARγ agonist exerts protective effects on pancreatic β-cells in diabetic db/db mice through the augmentation of IRS-2 expression.

We investigated the effects of long- and short-term treatment with pioglitazone (Pio) and/or alogliptin (Alo) on β-cells in diabetic db/db mice. Six-week-old male db/db mice received Pio (25 mg/kg, oral) and/or Alo (30 mg/kg, oral) for 4 weeks and for 2 days. Blood glucose levels were decreased after 4-week intervention, but not after 2-day intervention.

Anti-hypertensive azelnidipine preserves insulin signaling and glucose uptake against oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

It is known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the development of insulin resistance as well as pancreatic β-cell dysfunction both of which are often observed in type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the effects of azelnidipine, a calcium channel blocker, on ROS-mediated insulin resistance in adipocytes. When 3T3-L1 adipocytes were exposed to ROS, insulin-mediated glucose uptake was suppressed, but such phenomena were not observed in the presence of azelnidipine.