Automobile-Pedestrian Injuries: Are Pedestrian Safety Features Associated With Injury Severity?

Introduction: Automobile-pedestrian (AP) crashes can cause severe injuries and are increasing in frequency. We sought to determine factors contributing to severe injuries.

Methods: Patients ≥15 y with AP injuries admitted from January 1, 2020, through December 31, 2022, comprised the study population.

Appropriateness of using numeric rating scales to assess risk perceptions for individuals with limited health numeracy.

Objective: Numeric rating scales (NRSs) could be inappropriate for assessing constructs such as risk perception if individuals with limited health numeracy (LHN) have difficulty expressing their perceptions on such scales. This paper compares the psychometric functioning of numerical risk perception ratings for an e-cigarette obtained from LHN individuals, comparing them to those from individuals with adequate health numeracy (AHN).

Methods: In a randomized trial of a risk-related message (not evaluated here), participants (N = 12,557) used NRSs to rate their perception of (1) overall risk of harm (from 0 %-100 % harmful to health), and (2) likelihood (0-100 %) of suffering four tobacco-related diseases from using e-cigarettes; and used a 4-point adjectival scale ('not at all harmful' to 'very harmful') to rate the harm of using e-cigarettes.

Training with reduced carbohydrate availability affects markers of bone resorption and formation in male academy soccer players from the English Premier League.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that training with reduced carbohydrate (CHO) availability increases bone resorption in adolescent soccer players.

Methods: In a randomised crossover design, ten male players (age: 17.4 ± 0.

Youth use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Wave 6: Impact of survey mode.

Background: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) provides annual prevalence data on youth use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). However, trends may be complicated by COVID-related changes in survey mode (self-completed vs. telephone interview) across 2019-2021.