Involvement of gut microbial fermentation in the metabolic alterations occurring in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-depleted mice.

Background: Western diet is characterized by an insufficient n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption which is known to promote the pathogenesis of several diseases. We have previously observed that mice fed with a diet poor in n-3 PUFA for two generations exhibit hepatic steatosis together with a decrease in body weight. The gut microbiota contributes to the regulation of host energy metabolism, due to symbiotic relationship with fermentable nutrients provided in the diet.

Rapid cellular enrichment of eicosapentaenoate after a single intravenous injection of a novel medium-chain triacylglycerol:fish-oil emulsion in humans.

Background: Dietary deficiency in n-3 (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) prevails in Western populations and potentially results in adverse health outcomes. To circumvent the slow n-3 PUFA incorporation in phospholipids of key cells after oral supplementation, a new preparation for intravenous bolus injection was developed with 20 g triacylglycerols/100 mL of a mixture of 80% medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) and 20% fish oil (FO) (wt:wt), and 0.4 g alpha-tocopherol/100 mL of the same mixture.

Oxidative stress produced by circulating microparticles in on-pump but not in off-pump coronary surgery.

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess whether plasmas isolated during off-pump coronary surgery trigger less oxidative stress than those isolated during on-pump surgery.

Methods And Results: Plasmas were sampled from patients before (TO), just after (TI) and 24 hours after (T2) cardiac surgery (n=24 on-pump and n=10 off-pump). Rings of rat thoracic aortas were incubated for 20 hours with these different plasmas (100 microl + 4 ml medium) or saline (control).

The metabolic syndrome of omega3-depleted rats. VI. Intestinal phospholipid saturated and monodesaturated fatty acids.

Exposure of normal rats for 3-7 months to an omega3-deprived diet and subsequent exposure to an omega3-enriched diet were recently proposed as a model to study the metabolic consequences of alteration in the dietary supply of omega3 PUFA and their time course. The same animal model was used in the present study, which aimed at characterizing the pattern of saturated and monodesaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids of the duodenum, jejunum, caecum and colon. With one exception (C18:0), the weight content of these fatty acids was lower in the proximal than distal intestinal segments, a situation possibly accounted for by the generation of short-chain fatty acids by the colonic flora and the resulting synthesis of longer fatty acids n colonocytes.

The metabolic syndrome of omega3-depleted rats. V. Intestinal phospholipid omega6 fatty acids.

This study aims mainly at investigating the effects of a dietary deprivation and replenishment of omega3 PUFA upon the phospholipid pattern of omega6 PUFA in the duodenum, jejunum, caecum and colon of rats exposed for 3-7 months to an omega3-depleted diet and then eventually exposed for 2-4 weeks to an omega3-rich diet. In control rats, the relative weight content of all omega6 fatty acids differed in the proximal and distal intestinal segments. In the omega3-depleted rats the C18:2omega6, C20:2omega6 and C20:3omega6 content was decreased whilst that of C20:4omega6 and C22:4omega6 was increased.