Classic article: foot & ankle 1:15, 1980 traumatic dislocations of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

The mechanics, anatomy, and pathomechanics of traumatic dorsal dislocation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint are discussed. There are two basic types of dislocations. In Type I, dislocation of the hallux with the sesamoids occurs without disrupting the sesamoid mass.

Analysis of the heel pad fat in rheumatoid arthritis.

The heel fat pad is organized, both in structure and in composition, to bear the stresses and strains of normal activities and to permit pain-free weightbearing. The fatty acid composition of heel pads in 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a disease process frequently associated with heel fat pad atrophy, was analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography and was compared with that of patients without systemic disease. The heels of patients with rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated a significant change in the composition of saturated fatty acids when compared with heels of nonrheumatoid patients.

MR imaging of flexor digitorum accessorius longus.

Objective: The flexor digitorum accessorius longus muscle (FDAL), an anomalous muscle about the ankle, has recently been implicated in tarsal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this study is to document the prevalence of the FDAL, its MR appearance and its relation to the neurovascular bundle in the tarsal tunnel.

Design And Patients: The prevalence of the FDAL was determined from 100 ankle MR examinations in asymptomatic individuals.

Peroneus quartus muscle: MR imaging features.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of the peroneus quartus (PQ) muscle, to demonstrate the morphology of this accessory muscle on magnetic resonance (MR) images, and to reassess the reported association of the PQ muscle with a hypertrophic peroneal tubercle.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 136 consecutive ankle MR imaging studies. The origins, insertions, and variations in size of the muscle and the dimensions of the peroneal tubercle and retrotrochlear eminence were recorded.

Posterior intermalleolar ligament of the ankle: normal anatomy and MR imaging features.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to delineate the normal anatomy and MR imaging features of the posterior intermalleolar ligament--a normal ligamentous variant of the posterior portion of the ankle--and to identify normal anatomic characteristics that may account for the role of the ligament in the development of posterior impingement syndrome.

Materials And Methods: The prevalence, size, and shape of the posterior intermalleolar ligament were documented in 36 cadaveric ankles and in 97 MR studies of the ankle in patients with and without symptoms.

Results: The posterior intermalleolar ligament was identified in 20 (56%) of the 36 cadaveric feet.