Environmental lead exposure and its relationship to traffic density among Senegalese children: a pilot study.

In Senegal, as in many developing countries, traffic density is increasing in urban areas; in Dakar more than 50% of vehicles use gasoline. Yet the extent and real magnitude of the problem has neither been recognized nor assessed in these countries. Systemic data assessment of lead pollution and people's exposure are not well known in Senegal.

Benzo(a)pyrene-coated onto Fe2O3 particles-induced apoptotic events in the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Because benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)-coated onto hematite (Fe(2)O(3)) particle-induced adverse effects might alter cell homeostasis in lungs, we investigated the induction of some apoptotic events by such a concurrent exposure on this relevant organ target. Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with Fe(2)O(3) (3 mg), B(a)P (3 mg) or B(a)P (3 mg)-coated onto Fe(2)O(3) particles (3 mg). Forty-eight hours later, both the tumor necrosis factor-receptor and the mitochondrial pathways were studied.

Involvement of oxidative sress in the toxicity of 4-monochlorophenol in Hep G2 cells in culture.

Chlorophenols, mainly used as biocides, are compounds with a wide spectrum of toxic effects, including teratogenic and carcinogenic actions. The aim of this study was to examine possible 4-monochlorophenol (4-MCP) toxicity related to metabolic pathways, which may implicate semiquinones and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in human Hep G2 cells. The effects of 4-MCP were performed through cytotoxicity assays (viability, ATP level), metabolic activities (4-MCP intracellular concentration, NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase (Cyt P-450 red.

Antioxidant defense disruption by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-coated onto Fe(2)O(3) particles in human lung cells (A549).

We addressed the hypothesis that in vitro short-term exposure to hematite (Fe(2)O(3)) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is more deleterious by virtue of their combinations being able to cause higher oxidative stress conditions in human lung cells (A549), than either chemical alone. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase; SOD, glutathione peroxidase; GPx, glutathione reductase; GR), glutathione status (reduced glutathione; GSH, oxidized glutathione; GSSG) and alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc) consumption were studied in cells exposed to Fe(2)O(3), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) or pyrene, alone or in association. We found that increases in GSSG/GSH (P<0.

Pulmonary induction of proinflammatory mediators following the rat exposure to benzo(a)pyrene-coated onto Fe2O3 particles.

Epidemiological evidence firmly implicated an interactive effect between Fe2O3 and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in causing lung cancer. However, despite intensive investigation, the mechanism involved is not precisely established. Since the accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI)-mediated damage and/or immune-induced injury might be a possible cause of lung cancer, we studied the oxidative and the inflammatory effects of Fe2O3 (3 mg), B(a)P (3 mg) or B(a)P (3 mg)-coated onto Fe2O3 (3 mg) particles on this relevant organ target in Sprague-Dawley rats.