Publications by authors named "M H Gail"
Background: The Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial provided initial evidence that 1 dose of the bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine induces stabilizing antibody levels that may provide extended protection against HPV-16/18 infections. We report antibody seropositivity and stability 11 to 16 years after vaccination.
Methods: We invited a random subset of Costa Rica HPV Vaccine Trial participants (n = 398) who had received 3 doses and all women (n = 203) who had received 1 dose at 18 to 25 years of age to follow-up visits 11, 14, and 16 years after vaccination.
Article Synopsis
- Hybrid immunity, which occurs after vaccination following infection, offers stronger protection against SARS-CoV-2 by enhancing immune response effectiveness.
- The study compares immune profiles of individuals with infection only, vaccination only, and hybrid immunity, finding that hybrid immunity results in better antibody performance and activation of immune cells.
- Results indicate that older adults particularly benefit from hybrid immunity, highlighting the need for vaccination strategies to consider age differences in immune responses.
Background: Published analyses of prostate cancer nested case-control and survival data in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort suggested that men with higher baseline vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have both (i) increased prostate cancer risk and (ii) decreased prostate cancer-specific fatality.
Methods: To investigate possible factors responsible for a spurious association with prostate cancer fatality, we reanalysed baseline serum vitamin D associations with prostate cancer risk and prostate cancer-specific fatality in case-control data nested within the ATBC Study (1000 controls and 1000 incident prostate cancer cases). Conditional logistic regression and Cox proportion hazard models were used, respectively, to estimate odds ratios for risk and hazard ratios for prostate cancer-specific fatality, overall and by disease aggressiveness.
Article Synopsis
- - VOCs, common in air pollution and tobacco smoke, are linked to cardiovascular diseases, but there's limited direct evidence connecting specific VOCs to ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in the overall population.
- - A study involving 50,045 participants in northeastern Iran measured urinary concentrations of 20 VOC biomarkers related to smoking and found significant correlations between certain VOCs and increased IHD mortality, especially in non-smokers.
- - The significant associations between VOCs like acrylamide and 1,3-butadiene and IHD mortality suggest that these compounds are independent risk factors for heart disease, irrespective of tobacco use.
We estimate relative hazards and absolute risks (or cumulative incidence or crude risk) under cause-specific proportional hazards models for competing risks from double nested case-control (DNCC) data. In the DNCC design, controls are time-matched not only to cases from the cause of primary interest, but also to cases from competing risks (the phase-two sample). Complete covariate data are available in the phase-two sample, but other cohort members only have information on survival outcomes and some covariates.
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