Bioethanol.

Alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels are being sought in order to reduce the world's dependence on non-renewable resources. The most common renewable fuel today is ethanol derived from corn grain (starch) and sugar cane (sucrose). It is expected that there will be limits to the supply of these raw materials in the near future, therefore lignocellulosic biomass is seen as an attractive feedstock for future supplies of ethanol.

Treatment of microarray experiments as split-plot designs.

This paper shows that microarray experiments are split-plot, or split-unit, designs. The larger size experimental unit (the whole plot) is the array, and the treatment applied to this unit is the treatment given to the cells which produce the cDNA that is hybridized to the array. The smaller size experimental unit (the subplot) is the spot on the array, and the treatment applied to this unit is the gene giving rise to the DNA or oligonucleotide attached at that spot.

Crystal structure of substrate free form of glycerol dehydratase.

Glycerol dehydratase (GDH) and diol dehydratase (DDH) are highly homologous isofunctional enzymes that catalyze the elimination of water from glycerol and 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) to the corresponding aldehyde via a coenzyme B(12)-dependent radical mechanism. The crystal structure of substrate free form of GDH in complex with cobalamin and K(+) has been determined at 2.5 A resolution.

Cloning, expression, purification and crystallization of saccharopine reductase from Magnaporthe grisea.

The gene coding for saccharopine reductase (E.C. 1.