Determination of optimum probiotic dosage for the culture of whiteleg shrimp, in an indoor system.

Determining the optimum application dosage of probiotic in biofloc system is often challenging because the microbial community seems to exert similar effects irrespective of their dosages. It is however noted that certain dosages promote higher yield in shrimp culture more effectively. Principal component analysis was adopted to identify these optimum dosages where 1-way ANOVA could not clearly identify due to the effects of microbial community.

Comparison of functional outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with or without end stage renal disease on hemodialysis: a propensity-score matched study.

Background: End stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis (HD) increases mortality among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of ICH patients with ESRD on HD versus propensity-score matched controls.

Methods: This is a single center retrospective study.

Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Micromelum minutum leaves using citric acid monohydrate-glycerol based deep eutectic solvents and evaluation of biological activities.

Background: The extraction of polysaccharides using an acidic extraction media has been extensively reported, highlighting its effectiveness in yielding high-quality polysaccharides. A higher concentration of acidic solution could hydrolyze the structure of polysaccharide, while a low concentration reduces the extraction efficiency. Despite this challenges, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were introduced as an alternative extraction medium due to additional interactions such as inter and intra-molecular interactions, Van de Waals, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interactions, which could improve the polysaccharide extraction efficiency and biological activities.

A review of in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic polysaccharides: Extraction methods, physicochemical and structure-activity relationships.

Nowadays, various plant polysaccharides have been successfully extracted which exhibited strong biological activities and might be useful for diabetes management. However, the effect of extraction methods, physicochemical and the structural-activity relationships of polysaccharides to exhibit antioxidants and antidiabetics were inadequate to explain their mechanism in action. The uses of advance extraction methods might be preferred to obtain higher antioxidants and antidiabetic activities of polysaccharides compared to conventional methods, but the determination of optimal extraction conditions might be crucial to preserve their structure and biological functions.