A magnetic resonance imaging-based morphometric analysis of bilateral L1-L5 oblique lumbar interbody fusion corridor: feasibility of safe surgical approach and influencing factors.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To investigate the size and local anatomy of the right and the left-sided oblique corridors between L1-L5 levels and identify the potential impact of increasing age and sex on corridor size.

Overview Of Literature: The oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) was introduced by Silvestre and his colleagues as a solution to the approach-related complications associated with anterior lumbar interbody fusion and lateral lumbar interbody fusion.

Nonclinical Profile of PF-06952229 (MDV6058), a Novel TGFβRI/Activin Like Kinase 5 Inhibitor Supports Clinical Evaluation in Cancer.

The development of transforming growth factor receptor inhibitors (TGFRi) as new medicines has been affected by cardiac valvulopathy and arteriopathy toxicity findings in nonclinical toxicology studies. PF-06952229 (MDV6058) selected using rational drug design is a potent and selective TGFRI inhibitor with a relatively clean off-target selectivity profile and good pharmacokinetic properties across species. PF-06952229 inhibited clinically translatable phospho-SMAD2 biomarker (≥60%) in human and cynomolgus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as in mouse and rat splenocytes.

Gram-positive bacteria are primed for surviving lethal doses of antibiotics and chemical stress.

Antibiotic resistance kills millions worldwide yearly. However, a major contributor to recurrent infections lies in a small fraction of bacterial cells, known as persisters. These cells are not inherently antibiotic-resistant, yet they lead to increased antibiotic usage, raising the risk of developing resistant progenies.

Hemorrhagic Ligamentum Flavum Cyst in the Adjacent Level of Lytic Spondylolisthesis - A Case of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma.

Introduction: Occurrence of hemorrhagic cyst inside ligamentum flavum is a very rare phenomenon and presents with back pain, radiculopathy, or neurogenic claudication. Various causes reported in the literature are trauma, anticoagulant therapy, and increased micromotion in the setting of unstable and degenerated motion segment.

Case Report: We report a case of 41-year-old male patient who presented with claudication pain in both lower limbs for the past 6 months associated with bilateral calf atrophy.

Indirect and direct contributions of executive functions to reading comprehension.

In the current study, we investigated the role of executive functions in explaining how word recognition and language comprehension jointly predict reading comprehension in multilingual and monolingual students (Grades 1 and 2). Specifically, mediation and moderation models were tested and compared to offer a more nuanced understanding of the role of executive functions in reading comprehension. The results provided support for the mediation model in which executive functions indirectly contribute to reading comprehension via word recognition and language comprehension in both language groups.