Comparison of Universal mtDNA Primers in Species Identification of Animals in a Sample with Severely Degraded DNA.

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA, specifically the cytochrome b gene (cyt b), has become an essential tool for species identification. In the case of degraded samples, in which DNA is fractionated, universal primers, which are highly effective at amplifying the target region, are necessary. The material analysed in this study was a keychain made of bone, which was secured at a border crossing due to the suspicion that it was made of ivory.

Changes in the gene expression and methylation in chicken cecal tonsils after in ovo administration of bioactive substances.

Cecal tonsils are the main organs which generate an immune response and also the part of the GALT, thus they are in the close proximity of the intestinal microbiota and continuously exposed to microbe-associated molecular patterns. GALT developed regulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms which eliminate or tolerate microbiota. Bioactive substances in ovo administration ensures an early contact between the GALT and beneficial bacteria, which greatly promotes the development of tolerance.

Changes in the Level of DNA Methylation in under the Influence of Physical and Chemical Factors.

The effects of physical factors such as radiation (electromagnetic, microwave, infrared, laser, UVC, and X-ray) and high temperature, as well as chemical factors (controlled atmosphere) on the level of global DNA cytosine methylation in ATCC 10231 cells were investigated. Prolonged exposure to each type of radiation significantly increased the DNA methylation level. In addition, the global methylation level in cells increased with the incubation temperature.

The use of selected herbal preparations for the disinfection of Japanese quail hatching eggs.

The aim of study was to evaluate microbial and hatchability traits as well as chicks quality after hatching eggs disinfection with aqueous solutions of ginger (GR), garlic (GC), oregano (O), and cinnamon (C) extracts. The experiment was divided into 2 stages, at preliminary in vitro stage antimicrobial susceptibility of plant extracts (PEs) was tested against reference strains from the American Type Culture Collection. O and GC extracts had the best antimicrobial properties (P < 0.

The prevalence of virulence determinants in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different infections in hospitalized patients in Poland.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is responsible for hard-to-treat infections. The presence of 19 virulence genes in 120 MRSA isolates obtained from hospitalized patients and genetic relationships of these isolates were investigated. The eno (100%) and ebps (93.