Energy Flux Through the Magnetopause During Flux Transfer Events in Hybrid-Vlasov 2D Simulations.

Solar wind-magnetosphere coupling drives magnetospheric dynamic phenomena by enabling energy exchange between magnetospheric and solar wind plasmas. In this study, we examine two-dimensional noon-midnight meridional plane simulation runs of the global hybrid-Vlasov code Vlasiator with southward interplanetary magnetic field driving. We compute the energy flux, which consists of the Poynting flux and hydrodynamic energy flux components, through the Earth's magnetopause during flux transfer events (FTEs).

Electron Signatures of Reconnection in a Global eVlasiator Simulation.

Geospace plasma simulations have progressed toward more realistic descriptions of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction from magnetohydrodynamic to hybrid ion-kinetic, such as the state-of-the-art Vlasiator model. Despite computational advances, electron scales have been out of reach in a global setting. eVlasiator, a novel Vlasiator submodule, shows for the first time how electromagnetic fields driven by global hybrid-ion kinetics influence electrons, resulting in kinetic signatures.

Quasi-Parallel Shock Reformation Seen by Magnetospheric Multiscale and Ion-Kinetic Simulations.

Shock waves in collisionless plasmas are among the most efficient particle accelerators in space. Shock reformation is a process important to plasma heating and acceleration, but direct observations of reformation at quasi-parallel shocks have been lacking. Here, we investigate Earth's quasi-parallel bow shock with observations by the four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft.

Longitudinal Monitoring of Intra-Tumoural Heterogeneity Using Optical Barcoding of Patient-Derived Colorectal Tumour Models.

Geno- and phenotypic heterogeneity amongst cancer cell subpopulations are established drivers of treatment resistance and tumour recurrence. However, due to the technical difficulty associated with studying such intra-tumoural heterogeneity, this phenomenon is seldom interrogated in conventional cell culture models. Here, we employ a fluorescent lineage technique termed "optical barcoding" (OBC) to perform simultaneous longitudinal tracking of spatio-temporal fate in 64 patient-derived colorectal cancer subclones.