Predictive equation derived from 6,497 doubly labelled water measurements enables the detection of erroneous self-reported energy intake.

Nutritional epidemiology aims to link dietary exposures to chronic disease, but the instruments for evaluating dietary intake are inaccurate. One way to identify unreliable data and the sources of errors is to compare estimated intakes with the total energy expenditure (TEE). In this study, we used the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water Database to derive a predictive equation for TEE using 6,497 measures of TEE in individuals aged 4 to 96 years.

The costs and benefits of a dynamic host microbiome.

All species host a rich community of microbes. This microbiome is dynamic, and displays seasonal, daily, and even hourly changes, but also needs to be resilient to fulfill important roles for the host. In evolutionary ecology, the focus of microbiome dynamism has been on how it can facilitate host adaptation to novel environments.

Patient-reported visual function outcomes agree with visual acuity and ophthalmologist-graded scoring of visual function among patients with long-chain 3-hydroxyacylcoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD).

Patients with LCHADD develop progressive chorioretinopathy with vision loss over time. To date, no data on the impact of vision loss on patient vision-specific activities of daily living or quality of life have been reported. We used validated ophthalmic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to compare the impact of patient-perceived visual function to visual acuity and an ophthalmologist-graded stage of LCHADD chorioretinopathy.

Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups.

Animals within social groups respond to costs and benefits of sociality by adjusting the proportion of time they spend in close proximity to other individuals in the group (cohesion). Variation in cohesion between individuals, in turn, shapes important group-level processes such as subgroup formation and fission-fusion dynamics. Although critical to animal sociality, a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cohesion remains a gap in our knowledge of cooperative behavior in animals.