Brain region and sex-dependent heterogeneity of PUFA/oxylipin profile, microglia morphology and their relationship.

Lipid dyshomeostasis and neuroinflammation are key hallmarks of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, including major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease. In particular, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their derivatives called oxylipins gained specific interest in this context, especially considering their capacity to orchestrate neuroinflammatory responses via direct modulation of microglia. The hippocampus and hypothalamus are crucial brain regions for regulating mood and cognition that are implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and there is ample evidence for the sex-bias in risks for the development as well as sex-bias in the presentation of such psychiatric diseases, including the neuroinflammatory response.

Challenges in the identification and quantification of an unknown impurity in chenodeoxycholic acid drug substance.

In 2018 the Amsterdam University Medical Centre decided to prepare chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) capsules (also known as pharmacy compounding) for patients with the genetic metabolic disease cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) when the product with a marketing authorization was commercially unavailable for patients. However, after reanalysis, unknown impurities were identified in the CDCA active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) using thin-layer chromatography from the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.

Hematopoietic stem cell metabolism within the bone marrow niche - insights and opportunities.

Hematopoiesis unfolds within the bone marrow niche where hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a central role in continually replenishing blood cells. The hypoxic bone marrow environment imparts peculiar metabolic characteristics to hematopoietic processes. Here, we discuss the internal metabolism of HSCs and describe external influences exerted on HSC metabolism by the bone marrow niche environment.