Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors.

Early experience with critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Montreal.

Purpose: Montreal has been the epicentre of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Canada. Given the regional disparities in incidence and mortality in the general population, we aimed to describe local characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients in Montreal.

Methods: A single-centre retrospective cohort of consecutive adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal with confirmed COVID-19 were included.

Deep peat warming increases surface methane and carbon dioxide emissions in a black spruce-dominated ombrotrophic bog.

Boreal peatlands contain approximately 500 Pg carbon (C) in the soil, emit globally significant quantities of methane (CH ), and are highly sensitive to climate change. Warming associated with global climate change is likely to increase the rate of the temperature-sensitive processes that decompose stored organic carbon and release carbon dioxide (CO ) and CH . Variation in the temperature sensitivity of CO and CH production and increased peat aerobicity due to enhanced growing-season evapotranspiration may alter the nature of peatland trace gas emission.

Prospective randomized trial: outcomes of SF₆ versus C₃F₈ in macular hole surgery.

Objective: To compare macular hole (MH) closure and visual acuity improvement after vitrectomy using SF6 versus C3F8 gas tamponade. The secondary purposes were to report the cumulative incidence of cataract development at 1 year after MH surgery and the proportion of complications.

Design: Prospective, randomized study.

Retinal function assessment of trypan blue versus indocyanine green assisted internal limiting membrane peeling during macular hole surgery.

Objective: To compare multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) retinal function and the anatomical and visual outcomes of macular hole surgery performed with indocyanine green (ICG) or trypan blue (TB).

Design: Prospective, randomized study.

Participants: Twenty-five eyes of 24 patients.