Synthesis and Efficacy of Tetracyclic Benzothiazepines Against Blood-Stage and Liver-Stage .

Objective: A series of novel, substituted tetracyclic benzothiazepines were designed and prepared in an effort to optimize the potency of this chemical class against drug-resistant strains of the malaria parasite.

Methods: Tetracyclic benzothiazepines bearing structural modification at seven distinct positions within the structure were synthesized in Knoevenagel condensation reactions followed by sequential intermolecular thio-Michael and then intramolecular imine formation reactions. Following purification and chemical characterization, the novel compounds were tested for in vitro efficacy against blood-stage P.

Advances in Animal Models and Cutting-Edge Research in Alternatives: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on 3Rs Research and Progress, Hyderabad, 2021.

The fact that animal models fail to replicate human disease faithfully is now being widely accepted by researchers across the globe. As a result, they are exploring the use of alternatives to animal models. The time has come to refine our experimental practices, reduce the numbers and eventually replace the animals used in research with human-derived and human-relevant 3-D disease models.

AAALAC International Standards and Accreditation Process.

AAALAC International is a private, nonprofit organization that promotes humane treatment of animals in science through a voluntary international accreditation program. AAALAC International accreditation is recognized around the world as a symbol of high quality animal care and use for research, teaching and testing, as well as promoting animal welfare. Animals owned by the institution that are used for research, teaching and testing are included as part of an accredited program.

Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous artelinate versus artesunate in uncomplicated Plasmodium coatneyi-infected rhesus monkey model.

Background: The US Army designed artelinate/lysine salt (AL) to overcome the instability of sodium artesunate in aqueous solution (AS). To select the most efficacious artemisinin treatment, direct comparison was performed in an uncomplicated non-human primate malaria model.

Methods: Splenectomized rhesus monkeys were inoculated with Plasmodium coatneyi and on day six, single equimolar loading dose of IV AL (11.

Challenges and Opportunities in Implementation: The AAALAC International Perspective.

In spite of the increasing trend for local authorities and international organization to follow the same ethical principles, the regulatory framework on the protection, care, and use of research animals is still heterogeneous. Differences across geopolitical areas exist not only at the legal level but, more important, also at the level of implementation of the existing regulations. In this diverse landscape, AAALAC International uses performance standards to assure harmonization of accredited animal care and use programs globally.