Improved leptin sensitivity and increased soluble leptin receptor concentrations may underlie the additive effects of combining PYY [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] and exendin-4 on body weight lowering in diet-induced obese mice.

Objective: Co-treatment with long acting PYY and the GLP-1 receptor agonists has potential as an efficient obesity treatment. This study investigates whether the mechanisms behind additive reduction of food intake and weight loss depends on complementary effects in brain areas regulating food intake and if restoration of leptin sensitivity is involved.

Methods: Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were co-treated with PYY(3-36) and exendin-4 (Ex4, GLP-1R agonist) for 14 days using minipumps.

Hypomania-Checklist-33: risk stratification and factor structure in a mixed psychiatric adolescent sample.

Background: The 33-item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-33) has been shown to distinguish between adolescent bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression. To investigate the utility of the HCL-33 as a screening tool in routine diagnostics, the frequency and psychopathological characteristics of detected individuals in a mixed psychiatric sample necessitate more examination.

Methods: The HCL-33, Children's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were completed by 285 children and adolescents (12-18 years) in a mixed psychiatric sample.

Timing and cortical region matter: theta power differences between teenagers affected by Major Depression and healthy controls.

In adults affected by Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), most findings point to higher electroencephalographic (EEG) theta power during wake compared to healthy controls (HC) as a potential biomarker aiding the diagnostic process or subgrouping for stratified treatment. Besides these group differences, theta power is modulated by time of day, sleep/wake history, and age. Thus, we aimed at assessing if the time of recording alters theta power in teenagers affected by MDD or HC.

Housing mice near vs. below thermoneutrality affects drug-induced weight loss but does not improve prediction of efficacy in humans.

Evaluation of weight loss drugs is usually performed in diet-induced obese mice housed at ∼22°C. This is a cold stress that increases energy expenditure by ∼35% compared to thermoneutrality (∼30°C), which may overestimate drug-induced weight loss. We investigated five anti-obesity mechanisms that have been in clinical development, comparing weight loss in mice housed at 22°C vs.

Sleep spindles across youth affected by schizophrenia or anti--methyl-D-aspartate-receptor encephalitis.

Background: Sleep disturbances are intertwined with the progression and pathophysiology of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Reductions in sleep spindles, a major electrophysiological oscillation during non-rapid eye movement sleep, have been identified in patients with schizophrenia as a potential biomarker representing the impaired integrity of the thalamocortical network. Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission within this network via a hypofunction of the -methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is one of the hypotheses at the heart of schizophrenia.