Spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibit increased liver flavin monooxygenase expression and elevated plasma TMAO levels compared to normotensive and Ang II-dependent hypertensive rats.

Flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) are enzymes responsible for the oxidation of a broad spectrum of exogenous and endogenous amines. There is increasing evidence that trimethylamine (TMA), a compound produced by gut bacteria and also recognized as an industrial pollutant, contributes to cardiovascular diseases. FMOs convert TMA into trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which is an emerging marker of cardiovascular risk.

Trimethylamine, a gut bacteria metabolite and air pollutant, increases blood pressure and markers of kidney damage including proteinuria and KIM-1 in rats.

Background: Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is a biomarker in cardiovascular and renal diseases. TMAO originates from the oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA), a product of gut microbiota and manufacturing industries-derived pollutant, by flavin monooxygenases (FMOs). The effect of chronic exposure to TMA on cardiovascular and renal systems is undetermined.

Enalapril Diminishes the Diabetes-Induced Changes in Intestinal Morphology, Intestinal RAS and Blood SCFA Concentration in Rats.

Evidence suggests that microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and trimethylamine-oxide (TMAO), affect the course of diabetic multiorgan pathology. We hypothesized that diabetes activates the intestinal renin-angiotensin system (RAS), contributing to gut pathology. Twelve-week-old male rats were divided into three groups: controls, diabetic (streptozotocin-induced) and diabetic treated with enalapril.

Evaluation of thionolactones as a new type of hydrogen sulfide (HS) donors for a blood pressure regulation.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a gaseous molecule that exhibits various biological effects. For example, HS has been recognized as a blood pressure-lowering agent. Presented in this report is a new modifiable platform for HS supply, its preparation and HS release kinetics from a series of structurally diversified thionolactones.

Low-dose Bevacizumab Decreases Ocular Hypotensive Effect of Angiotensin II in Sprague Dawley Rats.

Purpose: Although the effectiveness of anti-VEGF agents in ophthalmology has been thoroughly documented, we do not fully comprehend the epidemiology and mechanistic background of their side effects, including intraocular and systemic hypertension. Here, we investigate the interference of a low-dose bevacizumab with key neuronal and humoral mechanisms maintaining blood and intraocular pressure homeostasis.

Materials And Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were measured in SPRD rats pretreated with bevacizumab or 0.