Role of Light and Malate in the Decreased Sensitivity of cms-T Cytoplasm Maize Leaves to Bipolaris maydis Race T Toxin.

ABSTRACT Leaf segments from Texas male sterile (cms-T) cytoplasm maize isolines exposed to light (50 muM s(-1) m(-2)) for 8 h or more before or after being infiltrated with the Bipolaris maydis race T toxin (T-toxin) leaked significantly less electrolytes when immersed in distilled water (DW) for 24 to 48 h than did dark-treated leaf segments. No comparable effect of light on toxin-induced electrolyte leakage was observed with normal (N) cytoplasm isolines. Toxin-treated cms-T leaf segments incubated in DW for three consecutive 12-h periods of alternating light and dark showed significantly greater electrolyte leakage than leaf segments incubated in continuous light for 36 h and significantly less leakage than segments incubated in continuous dark for 36 h.

Can different patient satisfaction survey methods yield consistent results? Comparison of three surveys.

Objective: To examine the consistency of survey estimates of patient satisfaction with interpersonal aspects of hospital experience.

Design: Interview and postal surveys, evidence from three independent population surveys being compared.

Setting: Scotland and Lothian.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia in an unselected community-based population: a survey of urinary symptoms, bothersomeness and prostatic enlargement.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of (anatomical) benign prostatic hyperplasia/enlargement (BPH/BPE) in an unselected population and to assess the relationships between BPE, urinary flow rates (UFRs) and symptoms in men with BPH.

Subjects And Methods: All men aged 40-79 years and living in three ex-mining villages in Scotland were invited to undergo a measurement of UFR, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and to complete a symptom score and a previously validated lifestyle questionnaire.

Results: Of 597 eligible men, 367 (61%) completed the urinary symptom questionnaire and 310 (52%) underwent TRUS and measurement of UFR.

International comparison of the community prevalence of symptoms of prostatism in four countries.

We conducted an international comparison of the prevalence of urinary symptoms of prostatism in 4 countries, using a community-based random sampling of subjects, similar study procedures, and a single definition of cases that was based on a standardized symptom questionnaire. In Scotland 1,994 medically eligible men aged 40-79 years agreed to participate from 3 communities of the Forth Valley. In France, a nation-wide survey was conducted cross-sectionally in a representative sample of 2,011 French men aged 50-84 years.

Interpreting self reported limiting long term illness.

Objective: To examine the association between self reported limiting long term illness and other dimensions of self reported health.

Design: Stratified random sample of general population.

Setting: Lothian region, Scotland, in 1993.