Astroglial networks control visual responses of superior collicular neurons and sensory-motor behavior.

Astroglial networks closely interact with neuronal populations, but their functional contribution to neuronal representation of sensory information remains unexplored. The superior colliculus (SC) integrates multi-sensory information by generating distinct spatial patterns of neuronal functional responses to specific sensory stimulation. Here, we report that astrocytes from the mouse SC form extensive networks in the retinorecipient layer compared to visual cortex.

High-resolution ultrasound of peripheral neuropathies in rheumatological patients: An overview of clinical applications and imaging findings.

Peripheral neuropathies are surprisingly common and can be associated with a number of conditions, including rheumatological diseases. Whether the co-existence of peripheral neuropathies with rheumatological disorders is coincidental or related to a common pathogenic mechanism, these disabling conditions can affect the outcome of rheumatological patients and should be targeted with specific treatment. The clinical presentation of peripheral neuropathy can be multifaceted and difficult to recognize in polysymptomatic patients.

A case series of parainfectious Guillain-Barré syndrome linked to influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy characterized by a typical post-infectious profile. Some post-Zika virus and post-severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 GBS cases have been reported to occur with very short intervals between the infection and GBS onset. Evaluating 161 GBS patients consecutively admitted to two Italian Regional Hospitals between 2003 and 2019, we found that the only three with an antecedent influenza A (H1N1) virus infection developed GBS within an interval of less than 10 days from the influenza illness.

COVID-19-related and not related Guillain-Barré syndromes share the same management pitfalls during lock down: The experience of Liguria region in Italy.

Recently, during the pandemic infection of the novel SARS-CoV-2, some cases of Guillan-Barré Syndrome (GBS) have been reported. The aim of this work is to report the natural history of patients with GBS, both COVID and not-COVID related, hospitalized in Liguria region, during lock down period, in order to assess clinical features of both groups and possible managements pitfalls due to pandemic emergency. Fifteen GBS patients were admitted to the Hospitals of Liguria, from February 15th to May 3rd 2020, six with SARS-CoV-2 infection and nine without infection.

Bendamustine-rituximab (BR) combined therapy for treatment of immuno-mediated neuropathies associated with hematologic malignancy.

In chronic polyneuropathies associated with hematologic malignancy (HM) the optimal treatment management is primarily focused on the HM, but the parallel response of the neuropathy is still unclear. Rituximab is a recognized therapeutic choice in anti-MAG antibody polyneuropathy, that might be useful also in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) with HM. The efficacy of immunochemotherapy, which is the standard approach to malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, has been poorly investigated in polyneuropathies.