Characterization of the functional component in human milk and identification of the molecular mechanisms undergoing prematurity.

Background And Aims: Human milk (HM) is the earliest form of extrauterine communication between mother and infant, that could promote early programming. The aim of this study is to look for specific biological processes, particularly those undergoing prematurity, modulated by proteins and miRNAs of HM that could be implicated in growth and development.

Methods: This is a prospective, observational, single center study in which we collected 48 human milk (HM) samples at two distinct stages of lactation: colostrum (first 72-96 h) and mature milk (at week 4 post-delivery) from mothers of very preterm newborns (<32 weeks) and term (≥37 and < 42 weeks).

Incidence and causes of retreatments after monovision induced by LASIK in myopic patients without a previous trial of contact lens induced monovision.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and causes of the need for retreatment after LASIK-induced monovision in patients with myopia and presbyopia without a previous trial of contact lens induced monovision.

Design: Retrospective, observational study.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 914 eyes of 457 consecutive myopic patients with presbyopia scheduled for LASIK-induced monovision (nondominant eye corrected for near).

Assessment of cystic fibrosis related liver disease in a pediatric cohort.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, chronic, potentially lethal genetic disease. CF manifestations are due to mutations in the CF transmembrane receptor transporter (CFTR) gene which codes for a protein (CFTR) that acts as an anion transporter, mainly chlorine, at epithelial cells where it is expressed. Cystic fibrosis related liver disease (CFRLD) includes a spectrum of hepatobiliary manifestations whose diagnosis and follow-up remains a challenge.

Group A Streptococcus vulvovaginitis in Spain, 2011-2023: antibiotic resistance and emm-type distribution.

An increase in Group A Streptococcus vulvovaginitis was detected in 2023: The average number of cases per year was 13 during 2011-2017. Twenty-five and 27 cases were reported in 2018 and 2019 followed by a decline coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2023 increase surpassed previous data.