Posterior pharyngeal augmentation in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency: a 40-year experience.

Background: Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) remains a common problem in the care of patients with cleft palate and other related conditions. It may be successfully corrected with augmentation of the posterior pharynx. The purpose of this study was to review the experience and results of posterior pharyngeal augmentation over a 40-year period at one cleft center in the United States.

Minimally invasive lateral canthopexy (MILC).

Many techniques have been described for lateral canthopexy. Here, we describe a technical modification of lateral canthopexy that involves percutaneous placement of a canthopexy suture through the confluence of the lateral superior and inferior grey lines or lateral canthal angle. A total of 52 canthopexies in 26 patients have been performed with excellent results and few complications.

Techniques for labia minora reduction: an algorithmic approach.

Background: Aesthetic reduction of the labia minora has gained popularity, and a number of different techniques have been described. Each procedure has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. However, no algorithm has been defined for pairing the degree of deformity with the optimal surgical procedure.