[Diagnostics and treatment of autism spectrum disorder in adulthood].

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition with unique characteristics of perception and neurocognition that begins in childhood and persists into adulthood. It significantly affects social integration and adaptation, and is a great challenge in terms of psychological coping. Intensive genetic and neurobiological research is focused at understanding the brain underpinnings of autism, and it is also at the forefront of pharmacological development.

Molecular pathways and pathomorphology of colorectal cancers.

Colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) evolve through multiple pathways. These pathways may be defined based on two molecular features: (1) chromosomal instability and (2) chromosomal stability. Tumors showing chromosomal stability evolve through the so-called microsatellite instability pathway.

Molecular characterization of 103 ovarian serous and mucinous tumors.

The pathogenesis of ovarian carcinomas is heterogeneous, with even the same entities showing great variance. In our study we investigated the mutations of the BRAF, KRAS, and p53 genes in serous and mucinous borderline tumors and in low grade and high grade serous and mucinous tumors. The mutations of BRAF and KRAS genes have been shown in 60% of borderline and low grade (well differentiated) serous and mucinous tumors, but very rarely in high grade (moderately and poorly differentiated) carcinomas.

[Correlation between microsatellite instability and morphology in colorectal cancer].

Microsatellite instability (MSI) influences the development and clinical course of colorectal cancers (CRCs) and induce specific morphological alterations of such neoplasms, therefore hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) based histology allows to predict the microsatellite status of a given tumor. The aim of this article is to demonstrate clinicopathological features that are useful in recognition of microsatellite-stable and -unstable CRCs on routine histological examination. In the Center of Surgical and Molecular Pathology of National Institute of Oncology, from 384 CRC cases 26 hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC), 22 sporadic high-level microsatellite-instable (MSI-H) cancers and 76 microsatellite-stable (MSS) or low-level MSI (MSI-L) CRCs were selected on the basis of the localization, clinical stage, microsatellite status, and patient age at the time of the diagnosis.