Assessment of characteristics and treatment processes of wastewater from slaughterhouses in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The state of Minas Gerais is one of Brazil's largest animal protein producers, and its slaughterhouses generate highly polluting wastewater, which needs to be treated for discharge or reuse. As a novelty, this review article focused on assessing the characteristics and methods to treat wastewater from slaughterhouses in the state of Minas Gerais, and verifying its compliance with environmental regulatory agencies. The aim was to present data that helps to better manage this residue in other Brazilian states and countries.

Characterisation of an inclusion complex between cladribine and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin.

Parenterally administered cladribine (2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine) has demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in clinical trials in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). An oral formulation of this small molecule would be an attractive option for patients. Here, we describe the chemical characterisation of the inclusion complex between cladribine and the drug carrier molecule 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (2-HP-beta-CD).

Different electrospray tandem mass spectrometric approaches for rapid characterization of phospholipid classes of Curosurf, a natural pulmonary surfactant.

Curosurf is a pulmonary surfactant used in the treatment or prophylaxis of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. It contains low molecular weight hydrophobic apoproteins and a series of lipids including phosphatidylcholines, lisophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidylserines. In the present work, a rapid method to qualitatively map the Curosurf phospholipid classes without prior derivatization or chromatographic separations is described.

Phase I metabolism of ganstigmine. Rat, dog, monkey and human liver microsomal extracts investigated by liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.

Ganstigmine, a new acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was incubated with rat liver microsomes and the resulting metabolites were identified by high-performance liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric (HPLC/MS) and HPLC/MS/MS analyses. The results showed the formation of eight main metabolites, among which geneseroline and molecules corresponding to mono-hydroxylated, demethylated and reduced ganstigmine. The metabolic profile drawn for humans, dog and monkey showed a pattern very similar to that of rat: only in the case of liver dog microsomes higher amounts of geneseroline and of a metabolite identified as demethylated and reduced drug were detected.

Polymorphism of rac-5,6-diisobutyryloxy-2-methylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalene hydrochloride (CHF 1035). I. Thermal, spectroscopic, and X-ray diffraction properties.

The polymorphism of rac-5,6-diisobutyryloxy-2-methylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalene hydrochloride (CHF 1035) was investigated. Three different crystal forms (Form I, Form II, and Form III) were obtained by recrystallization procedures from common organic solvents. The polymorphs were characterized by Raman and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) spectroscopy, in solution and in solid state (cross polarization-magic angle spinning), powder X-ray diffractometry, and thermal methods (differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, and thermogravimetry).