The actin-based motility effectors RickA and Sca2 contribute differently to cell-to-cell spread and pathogenicity.

is an obligate intracellular, tick-borne bacterial pathogen that can cause eschar-associated rickettsiosis in humans. invades host cells, escapes from vacuoles into the cytosol, and undergoes two independent modes of actin-based motility mediated by effectors RickA or Sca2. Actin-based motility of enables bacteria to enter protrusions of the host cell plasma membrane that are engulfed by neighboring host cells.

Six weeks that changed the preterm infant brain: lessons learned from the Family Nurture Intervention randomized controlled trials.

Aim: We review extensive results from two randomized controlled trials conducted over 9 years, comparing standard care (SC) in level-4 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) with SC plus Family Nurture Intervention (FNI).

Methods: FNI included ~six weeks of facilitated mother-infant interactions aimed at achieving mother-infant 'autonomic emotional connection', a novel construct that describes the emotional mother-baby relationship at the level of the autonomic nervous system.

Results And Conclusion: Thus far, 18 peer-reviewed publications documented significant positive short-and long-term effects of FNI on infant neurobehavioral functioning, developmental trajectories and both mother and child autonomic health through five years.

Infant regulatory problems and the quality of dyadic emotional connection-a proof-of-concept study in a multilingual sample.

Background And Aims: Close autonomic emotional connections with others help infants reach and maintain homoeostasis. In recent years, infant regulatory problems (RPs, i.e.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the universal Welch Emotional Connection Screen using primary and bilingual Spanish-speaking coders of videotaped mother-child interactions.

Introduction: Using clear explicit translatable language, we translated the Welch Emotional Connection Screen into a new universal language instrument, the . In this study, we had two aims: Aim 1 was to establish of the uWECS by comparing scores coded by primary Spanish-speaking coders using the Spanish translation of the uWECS to scores coded by bilingual, secondary Spanish-speaking coders using the oWECS. Aim 2 was to establish the in terms of oWECS and uWECS performance in tracking change in autonomic emotional connection (AEC) during the course of an intervention among preschool aged children.

Preschool mother-child emotional preparation program leads to significant improvement in autonomic regulation: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Many studies have documented the profound impact that the mother-child relationship has on child sociality and behavior. However, the biological mechanisms that govern the relationship are poorly understood. We developed a mother-child emotional preparation program (MCEP), based on a novel autonomic nervous system learning mechanism.