Impact of Dapagliflozin Treatment on Serum Sodium Concentrations in Acute Heart Failure.

Introduction: The dynamics of serum sodium are important in acute heart failure (AHF), and hyponatremia is associated with a poor prognosis. The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on serum sodium concentrations in AHF is unknown.

Methods: In a single-centre, controlled, randomized study, patients were prescribed dapagliflozin in addition to standard treatment during the first 24 h of hospitalization versus standard treatments.

[Comparative study of chemically modified hemoglobins as a basis for oxygen-carrying blood substitutes].

The series of hemoglobin derivatives were obtained with the different content of the polymer fractions; their comparative study by the methods of gel-chromatography and SDS-electrophoresis was conducted and the estimation of their functional, rheological, colloid-oncotic properties and the degree of immunogenicity was carried out in order to choose the optimal substance judging by their physico-chemical, gas-carrying and antigenic characteristics. It was shown that the polymerised hemoglobin with the polymer content of 25-30% has the optimal properties as the oxygen carrier. The 10% solution of this compound possesses oxygen-carrying characteristics identical to donors erythrocytes, viscosity of no more than 1.

[The effect of the degree of hemoglobin polymerization on its interaction with the body].

Solutions of pyridoxylated polyhemoglobin (PPHb) with the different degree of polymerization (0-53%) were injected intravenously into rats (1 g/kg). The quantity of PPHb, circulating in plasma, being excreted with the urine and accumulated in the organs have been estimated during the first 6 hours after the infusion. During this period 25-40% of the injected PPHb have been found in the urine and 10-25% have been found in plasma, the percentage depending on the degree of polymerization.

[Study of structural heterogeneity of polymerized hemoglobin using biochemical and immunochemical methods].

The structural heterogeneity of crosslinked pyridoxalated hemoglobin (polyHb-PLP) have been investigated by the methods of gel-filtration, isoelectric focusing and immunoelectrophoresis. It was established that the heterogeneity of poly-Hb-PLP is mainly depicted by polydispersion of molecular weight and less by the changes in the isoelectric properties. The qualitative difference has been shown between the immunochemical properties of the native hemoglobin and poly-Hb-PLP, which gives the suggestion of the formation of new antigenic determinants as a result of chemical modification and of more expressed antigenicity of modified hemoglobin compared with native protein.

[Biochemical properties of intramolecularly cross-linked hemoglobin].

The chemical modification of hemoglobin was conducted with the help of bifunctional crosslinking agent--glutaraldehyde. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel-filtration it was shown that the final product contained 70% of modified protein which consisted of non-dissociating hemoglobin dimers and tetramers. It was also shown that the chemical modification didn't produce significant changes in the oxygen-transporting properties of the starting hemoglobin, but had influence on the character of the interaction with the allosteric regulator of reversible oxygenation (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate).