New Silurian aculiferan fossils reveal complex early history of Mollusca.

Mollusca is the second most species-rich animal phylum, but the pathways of early molluscan evolution have long been controversial. Modern faunas retain only a fraction of the past forms in this hyperdiverse and long-lived group. Recent analyses have consistently recovered a fundamental split into two sister clades, Conchifera (including gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods) and Aculifera, comprising Polyplacophora ('chitons') and Aplacophora.

Statins inhibit onco-dimerization of the 4Ig isoform of B7-H3.

B7-H3 (CD276), a member of the B7-family of immune checkpoint proteins, has been shown to have immunological and non-immunological effects promoting tumorigenesis [1, 2] and expression correlates with poor prognosis for many solid tumors, including cervical, ovarian and breast cancers [3-6]. We recently identified a tumor-cell autochthonous tumorigenic role for dimerization of the 4Ig isoform of B7-H3 (4Ig-B7-H3) [7], where 4Ig-B7-H3 dimerization activated tumor-intrinsic cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis pathways, providing a novel opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Herein, a live cell split-luciferase complementation strategy was used to visualize 4Ig-B7-H3 homodimerization in a high-throughput small molecule screen (HTS) to identify modulators of this protein-protein interaction (PPI).

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

High-dose intravenous BCG vaccination induces enhanced immune signaling in the airways.

Intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most widely administered vaccine, but it does not sufficiently protect adults against pulmonary tuberculosis. Recent studies in nonhuman primates show that intravenous BCG administration offers superior protection against (). We used single-cell analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from rhesus macaques vaccinated via different routes and doses of BCG to identify alterations in the immune ecosystem in the airway following vaccination.

Cross-sectional relationships of circadian misalignment and rest-activity rhythms with occupational attainment in UK Biobank participants.

Circadian misalignment and disrupted rest-activity rhythms have been linked to adverse health and educational outcomes, yet few studies have considered their relationships with economic outcomes. We investigate associations between multiple accelerometer-measured circadian misalignment traits (Composite Phase Deviation and the Sleep Regularity Index) and rest-activity rhythm traits (Inter-daily Stability, Intra-daily variability and relative amplitude), with occupational attainment, measured using the average wage paid to an individual's occupation. We use data from 20 356 UK Biobank participants who wore an accelerometer (2013-16), provided employment data for the year they wore the accelerometer, and supplied covariate data at recruitment (2006-10).