Evaluation of Jaundice in Adults.

Jaundice is an indication of hyperbilirubinemia and is caused by derangements in bilirubin metabolism. It is typically apparent when serum bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/dL and can indicate serious underlying disease of the liver or biliary tract. A comprehensive medical history, review of systems, and physical examination are essential for differentiating potential causes such as alcoholic liver disease, biliary strictures, choledocholithiasis, drug-induced liver injury, hemolysis, or hepatitis.

Ambulatory Medication Errors and Adverse Events Involved in Medicine-Related Malpractice Cases From 2011 to 2021.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to identify the characteristics of medication-related malpractice claims occurring in the ambulatory setting across 2 time periods.

Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was used. Ambulatory medication-related closed malpractice events from loss years of 2011-2021 were analyzed.

Common Questions and Misconceptions About Energy Drinks: What Does the Scientific Evidence Really Show?

Energy drinks are a commonly consumed beverage, and studies suggest a possible performance-enhancing effect. A Google Scholar search using the keywords "energy drinks" and "exercise" yields numerous results, underscoring the voluminous research on this topic. However, there are questions regarding the effectiveness and safety of energy drinks.