Silsesquioxane cages as fluoride sensors.

Pyrene functionalized silsesquioxane cages (PySQ) not only provide significant fluorescence from pyrene-pyrene excimers with a very large Stokes shift (Δλ = 143 nm, 69 930 cm) in DMSO but also exhibit fluoride capture results coincidentally with a π-π* fluorescence enhancement. On the other hand, PySQ-F in THF significantly exhibits π-π* fluorescence quenching and a color change can be observed with the naked eye from light yellow to deep orange by forming a charge-transfer (CT) complex among the pyrenyl rings. Moreover, PySQ selectively captures F with a response time of <2 min and with a very low detection limit (1.

A Plasmodium falciparum PHIST protein binds the virulence factor PfEMP1 and comigrates to knobs on the host cell surface.

Uniquely among malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (iRBCs) develop membrane protrusions, known as knobs, where the parasite adhesion receptor P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) clusters. Knob formation and the associated iRBC adherence to host endothelium are directly linked to the severity of malaria and are functional manifestations of protein export from the parasite to the iRBC.