Ion Velocity Measurements for the Ionospheric Connections Explorer.

The Ionospheric Connections Explorer (ICON) payload includes an Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) to provide measurements of the ion drift motions, density, temperature and major ion composition at the satellite altitude near 575 km. The primary measurement goal for the IVM is to provide the meridional ion drift perpendicular to the magnetic meridian with an accuracy of 7.5 ms for all daytime conditions encountered by the spacecraft within 15° of the magnetic equator.

A classification of severity with an analysis of causative problems related to the type of treatment.

The current classification systems provide broad guidelines for treating the acquired adult flat foot. They essentially place the acquired flat foot into categories of no deformity, flexible deformity, or rigid deformity, as well as the condition of the PTT; however, there are many more variables that need to be taken into account to provide optimal care. As our knowledge and experience grows in treating the adult flat foot, more options will be available.

Thromboembolism after foot and ankle surgery. A multicenter study.

Thromboembolic disease presents a potentially fatal complication to patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Although the incidence after hip and knee surgery has been studied and documented, its incidence after surgery of the foot and ankle is unknown. For this reason, a prospective multicenter study was undertaken to identify patients with clinically evident thromboembolic disease to evaluate potential risk factors.

Core decompression for early osteonecrosis of the hip in high risk patients.

Thirty-four hips (22 patients) with history and physical findings consistent with osteonecrosis of the femoral head were evaluated preoperatively by radiographs, bone scans and magnetic resonance images. All patients with Stage 0, I, or II disease by the Ficat and Arlet classification underwent core decompression using the same technique. Osteonecrosis was confirmed histologically in all 34 hips.

Open reduction through a medial approach for congenital dislocation of the hip. A critical review of the Ludloff approach in sixty-six hips.

We reviewed the results of open reduction through the medial approach of Ludloff, done for congenital dislocation in sixty-six hips (sixty-three children). The mean age at the time of the operation was twelve months (range, two to sixty-three months), and the mean duration of follow-up was six years (range, two to thirteen years). Avascular necrosis was evident preoperatively in two hips (3 per cent) and was noted postoperatively in another seven hips (11 per cent).