Endoscopic or Conservative Management of Iatrogenic Duodenal Perforations Caused by Long Plastic Biliary Stent Distal Migration.

Plastic biliary stents are associated with rare but potentially life-threatening distal stent migration. We present 4 patient cases with distal migration, whereas the proximal aspect remained in the bile duct. Time to stent migration ranged from 1 week to 2 months.

Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in the cirrhotic population is a challenging clinical phenomenon requiring a nuanced management approach. Uncertainty exists regarding the clinical significance of PVT in the cirrhotic population because the data for PVT are based mainly on retrospective, small cohort studies. Therefore, strong recommendations regarding the optimal timing, modality, and duration of therapy for PVT in the cirrhotic population cannot be made.

Bleeding 'downhill' esophageal varices associated with benign superior vena cava obstruction: case report and literature review.

Background: Proximal or 'downhill' esophageal varices are a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Unlike the much more common distal esophageal varices, which are most commonly a result of portal hypertension, downhill esophageal varices result from vascular obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC). While SVC obstruction is most commonly secondary to malignant causes, our review of the literature suggests that benign causes of SVC obstruction are the most common cause actual bleeding from downhill varices.