Distinctive distribution of pathogens associated with peritonitis in neonates with focal intestinal perforation compared with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Objective: Candida and coagulase-negative staphylococci are emerging pathogens associated with focal intestinal perforation (FIP) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates. The objective of this study was to determine whether there are significant differences in the predominant pathogens in culture-positive cases of peritonitis associated with FIP compared with NEC in neonates.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of neonates with peritoneal culture-positive peritonitis associated with FIP or NEC over a 12-year study period (1989-2000).

Candidal renal and urinary tract infection in neonates.

Candida species are a common cause of urinary tract infection in newborns requiring intensive care. Renal candidiasis is frequently associated with these urinary tract infections and is manifest by "fungus balls" or renal parenchymal infiltration. Candidal urinary tract infections in high-risk newborns are often associated with candidemia, thereby warranting systemic antifungal therapy.

Central venous catheter removal versus in situ treatment in neonates with enterobacteriaceae bacteremia.

Objective: To determine how often neonates with Enterobacteriaceae (ENTB) bacteremia can be treated successfully without removing central venous catheters (CVCs).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of ENTB bacteremia and CVCs in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 7-year period (1994-2000). Cases of ENTB bacteremia were identified from a microbiology database and limited to late-onset cases occurring after 3 days of age.

Indices of hemodynamic and respiratory functions in premature infants at risk for the development of cerebral white matter injury.

Objective: To examine potential differences in clinical risk factors, including indices of hemodynamic and respiratory functions, of premature infants developing periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PHI) or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).

Study Design: Indices of hemodynamic stability and respiratory function were measured prospectively during the first week of life in a cohort of 100 premature infants with respiratory distress. Maternal history was retrospectively reviewed.