Measuring the association between diagnostic errors and neighborhood disadvantage.

Patients who reside in areas of high neighborhood disadvantage have poorer health outcomes; the mechanisms for this disparity are complex. We sought to determine if there was an association between neighborhood disadvantage and diagnostic error among a cohort of adult inpatients who experienced either an ICU transfer or in-hospital death. Using a sample of 527 patients from seven geographically diverse academic medical systems, we compared diagnostic error rates to patients' neighborhood disadvantage levels as measured by the Area Deprivation Index, a validated composite measure of socioeconomic status.

Applications of bio-printing to promote spinal cord regeneration.

The spinal cord is one of the most important part of the human nervous system and great importance is placed on developing the best treatment for its damage. 3D bio-printing technology, and the fabrication of special scaffolds using it, is a potential solution for regenerating damage in spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Bio-printing can be divided into indirect and direct bio-printing, while among the bio-printing methods, inkjet bio-printing, fused deposition modeling (FDM), extrusion bio-printing, or light-assisted bio-printing can be distinguished.

Deciphering the vectors: Unveiling the local dispersal of Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii in the American beech (Fagus grandifolia) forest ecosystem.

Beech leaf disease (BLD), caused by the Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii (Lcm) nematode, is an emerging threat to beech trees. This disease is characterized by distinct leaf symptoms, including leaf interveinal banding and thickened leaf texture, which leads to eventual tree mortality.