Post-COVID-19 sequelae are associated with sustained SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 immune responses.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to widespread post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), affecting multiple body systems. Despite its prevalence, PASC's pathogenesis remains unclear, with hypotheses suggesting viral persistence, immune activation, and autoimmune responses among the pathogenetic mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate T cell memory response in PASC patients, one year post-hospital discharge and correlate it with clinical parameters to identify a potential PASC-associated fingerprint.

Effective dipole model for electrostatic interactions between polarizable spherical particles in particle scale simulations.

Despite their widespread adoption, particle-scale simulation methods, such as the Discrete Element Method (DEM), for electrically charged particles in several natural processes and industrial transformations do not include realistic polarization effects. At close distances, these can dominate the particle motion and are impossible to predict by the commonly adopted Coulomb point-charge approximation. Sophisticated mathematical tools can account for uneven charge distributions, predicting an attractive force between a charged particle and a neutral particle or possible attraction between two like-charged particles.

A rare case of paradoxical embolization due to an acquired extracardiac right-to-left shunt during covid-19 infection: Every street leads to heart.

Unlabelled: Right-to-left shunt may be a cause of paradoxical embolization (and cryptogenic cerebral ischemic events). Patent foramen ovale and pulmonary arterio-venous malformations are the most common cause of paradoxical embolization; however, some rare cardiovascular lesions may cause a right-to-left shunt with consequent paradoxical embolization. We describe a case of a young child with superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect who underwent surgical closure and developed a cryptogenic cerebral ischemic attack due to a rare cause of paradoxical embolization, during a long-term follow-up.

Triple spinal dural arteriovenous fistula.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are the most common type of spinal vascular malformations. Multiple SDAVFs are unusual and can occur either synchronously or metachronously, as reported in the literature. We report on the unusual case of a woman with three separate SDAVFs, which were surgically treated within the same setting; the postoperative course was characterised by unexplained repeated haematoma formation within the surgical sites.