Nursing Care of the Patient With Epidural Analgesia.

Purpose: Although nurses frequently are responsible to care for and ensure safety of patients receiving epidural analgesia resources to guide them in this care are difficult to locate and not inclusive of all aspects of such care. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive resource to provide information for nurses when caring for patients receiving analgesia via an epidural catheter.

Methods: Literature and guidelines were reviewed to determine current standards of practice and guidance regarding care of patients receiving epidural analgesia.

Development of the fish invitrome for animal-free environmental risk assessment of chemicals.

Given the need to reduce animal testing for environmental risk assessment, we aim to develop a fish invitrome, an alternative fish modular framework capable of predicting chemical toxicity in fish without the use of animals. The central module of the framework is the validated RTgill-W1 cell line assay that predicts fish acute toxicity of chemicals (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Test Guideline (OECD TG) 249). Expanding towards prediction of chronic toxicity, the fish invitrome includes two other well-advanced modules for chemical bioaccumulation/biotransformation and inhibition of fish growth.

Ocular Safety and Toxicology of Subretinal Gene Therapy With rAAV.hPDE6A in Nonhuman Primates.

Purpose: Reports of gene therapy-associated retinal atrophies and inflammation have highlighted the importance of preclinical safety assessments of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector systems. We evaluated in nonhuman primates (NHPs) the ocular safety and toxicology of a novel AAV gene therapy targeting retinitis pigmentosa caused by mutations in PDE6A, which has since been used in a phase I/II clinical trial (NCT04611503).

Methods: A total of 34 healthy cynomolgus animals (Macaca fascicularis) were treated with subretinal injections of rAAV.

Dose-dependent association of hyperoxia and decreased favorable outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with traumatic brain injury, a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: In patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), adequate oxygenation is crucial to optimize survival and neurological outcome. However, supranormal oxygen partial pressure (PaO) only leads to minor increase in cerebral oxygen delivery but can cause numerous pathophysiological disturbances. Therefore, we aimed to study effects of hyperoxia on patient outcome and identify optimum PaO ranges.

Functional traits mediate the effect of land use on drivers of community stability within and across trophic levels.

Understanding how land use affects temporal stability is crucial to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Yet, the mechanistic links between land-use intensity and stability-driving mechanisms remain unclear, with functional traits likely playing a key role. Using 13 years of data from 300 sites in Germany, we tested whether and how trait-based community features mediate the effect of land-use intensity on acknowledged stability drivers (compensatory dynamics, portfolio effect, and dominant species variability), within and across plant and arthropod communities.