Management of Neonatal Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia: Trends Over Nine Years.

Background: With increasing use of diazoxide for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH), reporting of serious side effects of diazoxide such as pulmonary hypertension (PHT) increased.

Methods: Charts of all children diagnosed with HH during the study period and evaluated by Pediatric Endocrinology division of the Hasbro Children's Hospital were reviewed. We analyzed diazoxide use among infants with HH with focus on infants born small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm infants.

Increase in the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Young Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To describe the incidence of new onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) among children younger than 11 years old diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020-December 31, 2021) compared to those diagnosed during the pre-pandemic period (January 1, 2017-February 29, 2020) and to compare the metabolic parameters of those with T2D diagnosed before age 11 years with those diagnosed after age 11 years.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of youth <21 years with new onset T2D treated at Hasbro Children's Hospital between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2021. Patients diagnosed at age <11 years were compared to those ≥11 years.

Hypolipidemia due to Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia in Adolescents.

Background/objective: Individuals with heterozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (h-FHBL) due to loss-of-function mutation in the apolipoprotein B gene are typically asymptomatic with mild liver dysfunction, which is often detected incidentally. About 5% to 10% of those with h-FHBL develop steatohepatitis which occasionally progress to cirrhosis especially in the presence of alcohol use, excess calorie consumption, or liver injury. We report 3 patients with hypobetalipoproteinemia, 2 with confirmed h-FHBL, and 1 with suspected h-FHBL.

Change in Body Mass Index in Youth in the First 5 Years After Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis.

Objective: Examine body mass index (BMI) trajectories in American youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) over the first 5 years following diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective record review of BMI trajectories in youth with T1D diagnosed in 2015 to 2016.

Results: Near the time of diabetes diagnosis, 35.

The Evaluation and Management of Methimazole-Induced Agranulocytosis in the Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Agranulocytosis is a rare, but serious complication of methimazole (MMI) use for Graves' disease (GD). Treatment requires discontinuation of MMI, and the use of propylthiouracil (PTU) is also contraindicated. Few reports exist about the optimal alternative treatment regimens for the management of thyrotoxicosis in these medically complex patients in the pediatric population.