External Bleeding and Advanced Biomacromolecules for Hemostasis.

Hemorrhage is a significant medical problem that has been an active area of research over the past few decades. The human body has a complex response to bleeding that leads to blood clot formation and hemostasis. Many biomaterials based on various biomacromolecules have been developed to either accelerate or improve the body's natural response to bleeding.

Doxorubicin-loaded polyphosphate glass microspheres for transarterial chemoembolization.

The standard of care for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Drug-eluting bead TACE (DEB-TACE) has emerged as a leading form of TACE, as it uses highly calibrated microspheres to deliver consistent embolization and controlled drug release to the tumor microenvironment. We report here on doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded polyphosphate glass microspheres (PGM) as a novel resorbable, radiopaque, preloaded DEB-TACE platform.

Minocycline-loaded calcium polyphosphate glass microspheres as a potential drug-delivery agent for the treatment of periodontitis.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease with a bacterial etiology that affects the supporting structures of the teeth and is a major cause of tooth loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the drug loading and release of minocycline from novel calcium polyphosphate microspheres intended for use in treating periodontitis. Calcium polyphosphate coacervate, produced by a precipitation reaction of calcium chloride and sodium polyphosphate solutions, was loaded with minocycline and subsequently used to produce microspheres by an emulsion/solvent extraction technique.

Impact of trivalent ions on the stability and cohesion of calcium polyphosphate coacervates for embolization applications.

Polyphosphates (PPs) are of interest as temporary in situ setting embolic agents for which cohesive characteristics are vital. Trivalent ions Al and Ga were substituted into calcium PP up to 10 mol % for two PP chain lengths (degree of polymerization, D 200 and 9000) and the effect on the dissolution rate of the resulting coacervate was examined. High levels of trivalent ions were found to increase the dissolution rate, especially with aluminum (Al) where the coacervate with the greatest Al content (10 mol %) and larger D completely dissolved within the first few hours in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffered saline.

A two-stage cold isostatic pressing and gelling approach for fabricating a therapeutically loaded amorphous calcium polyphosphate local delivery system.

Local delivery systems have taken on a greater clinical focus for osteomyelitis therapy owing to their ability to overcome many disadvantages of systemic delivery. This study reports for the first time the capacity to fabricate strontium- and vancomycin-doped calcium polyphosphate beads using a two-stage cold isostatic pressing and gelling approach. The fabricated beads were of uniform shape and diameter, and upon gelling exhibited reduced porosity.