hemocyanin as a novel natural immunostimulant in mammals.

Introduction: Gastropod hemocyanins are potent immunostimulants in mammals, a trait associated with their large molecular size and unusual glycosylation patterns. While the hemocyanin from the marine snail keyhole limpet (KLH), has been widely studied and successfully employed as a carrier/adjuvant in several immunological applications, as well as a non-specific immunostimulant for bladder cancer treatment, few other gastropod hemocyanins have been biochemically and immunologically characterized. In this work, we investigated the immunogenic properties of the hemocyanin from (PcH), an invasive south American freshwater snail.

When the heart and tumours intertwine: pulmonary hypertension associated with a neuroendocrine tumour-a case report.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension caused by extrinsic pulmonary vascular compression secondary to mediastinal neuroendocrine tumours is a very rare condition, posing a diagnostic challenge. There is no clear consensus regarding the best treatment strategy due to the lack of clinical data, leading to poor prognoses for these patients.

Case Summary: We present the case of a 38-year-old man hospitalized with signs of pulmonary hypertension and acute heart failure.

Adaptive Approaches to Exercise Rehabilitation for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Related Autonomic Disorders.

Exercise is a well-documented, nonpharmacologic treatment for individuals with autonomic dysfunction and associated orthostatic intolerance, such as postural tachycardia syndrome and related disorders. Exercise has been shown to increase blood volume, reverse cardiovascular deconditioning, and improve quality of life. Current first-line standard of care treatment for autonomic dysfunction combines graded approaches to exercise with medications and lifestyle modifications.

Wait and trust: conservative management of bradyarrhythmias due to dengue infection: a case report.

Background: This case report highlights the conduction disorder anomalies associated with dengue infection, particularly bradyarrhythmias due to dysfunction of the sinus node and atrioventricular node, which may require cardiac stimulation such as pacemaker implantation. This case emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and the use of additional diagnostic techniques to detect complications in a timely manner.

Case Summary: A 31-year-old male patient was admitted to our institution with symptoms of dyspnoea, orthopnoea, and severe bradycardia.