Comparative analysis of combustion and emission characteristics in RCCI engines using alcohol fuels with different carbon numbers.

Alcohol fuels with different carbon numbers such as propanol (C3), butanol (C4) and pentanol (C5) have lately become popular in both conventionally and RCCI-operated diesel engines thanks to their high cetane number (CN) and oxygen content along with lower latent heat of evaporation, which are useful for reducing the high CO/HC emissions, whereas RCCI mode still suffers from these emissions. Therefore, in this study, these three alcohol fuels with carbon numbers ranging from C3 to C5 were employed as low-reactivity fuel (LRF) in a single-cylinder RCCI engine under a constant engine speed of 2400 rpm and varying loadings (from 20 to 60% of full load at 20% intervals) and premixed ratios (from 0 to 60% with 15% intervals) when using B7 as high-reactivity fuel (HRF). In the experimental study, the effect of oxygen content, latent heat of evaporation, and cetane number which changes linearly with the carbon number of alcohols used, on exhaust emissions, were analyzed.

Salvage Therapy Efficacy is Modified by Risk Group at Diagnosis in Patients With Relapsed Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Patients with relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are treated with varying approaches and have a poor overall survival (OS). We performed an observational comparison of salvage regimens exploring whether high-dose alkylator combinations were associated with longer OS.

Procedure: We categorized 110 patients with relapsed RMS from five institutions into two groups, those treated with regimens including a high-dose alkylator (Group A) and those treated without a high-dose alkylator (Group B).

Indications and Outcomes for Tracheostomies in Pediatric Oncology Patients-A Single Center Study.

Background: Children with cancer face a high risk of complications including prolonged mechanical ventilation requiring tracheostomies. While tracheostomies have been demonstrated to be a generally safe procedure, there remain significant rare complications and a paucity of literature addressing outcomes specifically for pediatric patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to characterize pediatric patients with cancer who underwent tracheostomies and describe their indications and outcomes for length of stay, decannulation, and complications.

Improving Individualized Rhabdomyosarcoma Prognosis Predictions Using Somatic Molecular Biomarkers.

Purpose: Molecular markers, such as fusion genes and and mutations, increasingly influence risk-stratified treatment selection for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). This study aims to integrate molecular and clinical data to produce individualized prognosis predictions that can further improve treatment selection.

Patients And Methods: Clinical variables and somatic mutation data for 20 genes from 641 RMS patients in the United Kingdom and the United States were used to develop three Cox proportional hazard models for predicting event-free survival (EFS).

The impact of margins and re-resection in pediatric synovial sarcoma.

Introduction: Synovial sarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in children. Guidelines regarding the adequate extent of resection margins and the role of re-resection are lacking. We sought to evaluate the adequate resection margin and the role of re-resection in predicting outcomes in children with synovial sarcomas.