Three Dimensional Printing Technology Used to Create a High-Fidelity Ureteroscopy Simulator: Development and Validity Assessment (Rein-3D-Print-UroCCR-39).

Objective: To create and assess the validity of a high-fidelity, three dimensional (3D) printed, flexible ureteroscopy simulator resulting from a real case.

Methods: A patient's CT scan was segmented to obtain a 3D model in .stl format, including the urinary bladder, ureter and renal cavities.

[Comprehensive review of 3D printing use in medicine: Comparison with practical applications in urology].

Introduction: Over the past few years, 3D printing has evolved rapidly. This has resulted in an increasing number of scientific publications reporting on the medical use of 3D printing. These applications can range from patient information, preoperative planning, education, or 3D printing of patient-specific surgical implants.

[Use of personalized 3D printed kidney models for partial nephrectomy].

Partial nephrectomy is a first-line treatment option for the management of renal tumors. It is a surgical procedure whose complexity and stakes vary according to the specific anatomy of the patient and his tumor. 3D modeling and 3D printing have become a means of representing and thus visualizing the tumor lesion and its anatomical relationships within the organ.

Waterpixels.

Many approaches for image segmentation rely on a first low-level segmentation step, where an image is partitioned into homogeneous regions with enforced regularity and adherence to object boundaries. Methods to generate these superpixels have gained substantial interest in the last few years, but only a few have made it into applications in practice, in particular because the requirements on the processing time are essential but are not met by most of them. Here, we propose waterpixels as a general strategy for generating superpixels which relies on the marker controlled watershed transformation.

Modelling mesoporous alumina microstructure with 3D random models of platelets.

This work focuses on a mesoporous material made up of nanometric alumina 'platelets' of unknown shape. We develope a 3D random microstructure to model the porous material, based on 2D transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, without prior knowledge on the spatial distribution of alumina inside the material. The TEM images, acquired on samples with thickness 300 nm, a scale much larger than the platelets's size, are too blurry and noisy to allow one to distinguish platelets or platelets aggregates individually.