Properties of pramlintide and insulin upon mixing.

Purpose: The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of pramlintide and various insulin formulations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) when given as separate injections or mixed in the same syringe before injection were studied.

Methods: In two randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled, five-period-crossover studies, patients with type 1 DM received preprandial injections of pramlintide, short-acting insulin, and long-acting insulin administered either by separate injections or after mixing in various combinations. Serum free insulin and plasma glucose concentrations were measured for 10 hours and plasma pramlintide concentrations for 5 hours after injection.

Health and disease management: what is it and where is it going? What is the role of health and disease management in hypertension?

Health and disease management, a clinical improvement process that integrates best practice principles in a comprehensive manner throughout the entire continuum of care, is likely to be the dominant style of health care delivery in the future. The goal of these programs is to eliminate or reduce unacceptable variations in cost and quality between various providers by developing guidelines that will achieve measurable outcomes for specific diseases. These protocols also emphasize wellness and disease prevention, coordinate resources across the entire continuum of care, and define interventions for the entire duration of the disease.

Disease management: partnering for better patient care.

Disease management is having a profound effect on the evolution of health care delivery toward an integrated system. Management strategies include coordinating professional services, empowering patients, and analyzing outcomes data. The managed care approach to disease management has expanded, to some degree, across all models of HMOs in an effort to document cost-containment efforts and improved outcomes.

Health care informatics: the key to successful disease management.

Health services integration and disease state management (DSM) require improved health care informatics systems. Accurate, comprehensive patient information and an integrated data infrastructure are needed for all stages of DSM, from development and implementation of programs to evaluation and continuous program improvement. The lack of an integrated information infrastructure is one of the leading obstacles to achieving a comprehensive electronic patient data system.

Stability of ramipril in water, apple juice, and applesauce.

The stability of ramipril in water, in apple juice, and in applesauce was studied. The contents of a single capsule each of ramipril 1.25, 2.